Among the nonverbal subtests, Matrix Reasoning and Picture Concepts received the highest scores, and the subtests Coding, Symbol Search, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Digit Span received significantly lower scores than the norms specified for the tests. Mayes and Calhoun studied 54 children with ASD, aged 6 to 14, with high-functioning autism (HFA), and revealed the lowest scores on the WMI and PSI indices. The VCI was higher than the other indices in the individuals with ASD without comorbid intellectual disability, and the PRI was the highest in the ASD group. The Comprehension subtest was also one of the weakest in the ASD group. The PSI was the weakest index, and Coding and Symbol Search were the weakest subtests.
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The first study of the cognitive profile of people with ASD using the WISC-IV was performed by Wechsler in the WISC-IV manual on 27 individuals aged 9 to 15 who had ASD without comorbid intellectual disability, and 19 ASD people aged 7 to 16, His results revealed an average cognitive profile in the individuals with ASD without comorbid intellectual disability and a low average profile in the ASD group. One of the main points about intelligence tests, especially the WISC-IV, is that they provide valuable information about a subject’s cognitive strengths and weaknesses. It also contains 10 core subtests, including Similarities, Vocabulary, Comprehension, Block Design, Picture Concepts, Matrix Reasoning, Digit Span, Letter-Number Sequencing, Coding, and Symbol Search, and five complementary subtests, including Information, Word Reasoning, Picture Completion, Arithmetic, and Cancellation. The WISC-IV has four indices, including the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), the Working Memory Index (WMI), and the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The test was updated in 2003, and its fourth edition (WISC-IV) is available with some changes made to the previous version. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is one of the most commonly used tests for measuring intelligence in ASD individuals, and there is a wealth of literature on this tool. Intelligence tests can provide interesting information about the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of people. reported that 31% of people with ASD have an intellectual disability (full-scale IQ, FSIQ 70) are typically referred to as having high-functioning ASD. ASD can be accompanied by intellectual disability. In Iran, an autism prevalence rate of 95.2 per 10,000 has been reported. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the similarities that exist between the results of the present research and previous studies, it may be concluded that there are similarities in the cognitive profile of individuals with ASD. In the present study, the Verbal Comprehension Index correlated negatively with the communication symptoms, and the Working Memory Index correlated positively with the social symptoms in the ASD group. In line with previous research findings, the WISC-IV cognitive profile analysis of subjects with high-functioning ASD showed a good competence in Matrix Reasoning and weaknesses in Comprehension, but the main distinguishing point was the competence in processing speed in both groups. The present study examined the cognitive profile and its relationship with the symptoms of ASD and ADHD in 30 subjects aged 6–16 years with high-functioning ASD and compared the results with those of 30 typically developing (TD) subjects. However, no data exist on the similarities or differences in this profile in less affluent countries. Several studies have examined the cognitive profile of people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (IQ > 70), and its relationship with the symptoms of ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV).
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